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For most non-luxury car engines, each of its cylinder bores needs a cast iron liner to resist the heat and friction generated by the moving piston rings; on some luxury car and sports car, composite material spray (a.k.a thermal spray) techniques are used. For example Nissan GT-R’s engine, the inside the aluminum bore surface is treated with a layer of spraying molten iron, therefore no liner is required, which saves weight and provides better heat conduction.
Because the sprayed metal layer is extremely smooth, it raises energy efficiency by reducing the friction inside the engine. However, the benefit comes with cost...
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